The Research Column

by Heinz Meissner

Click on any of the publications below to read more about the specific topic:

 

Title Date Discipline Extract Keywords
Lactose oxidase: An enzymatic approach to inhibit Listeria monocytogenes in milk.
Food Safety and Quality

Listeria monocytogenes is a pathogen which may cause listeriosis with sometimes grave consequences. It is a ubiquitous, gram-positive, facultative anaerobe that grows at refrigeration temperatures and is found throughout the environment, specifically in soil and water. Listeria monocytogenes may survive in food that has a relatively high acid and salt content and can tolerate high and low temperatures.

listeria, Lacto-peroxidase, enzymes, milk, actose oxidase
Effect of feeding single-dam or pooled colostrum on maternally derived immunity in dairy calves.
Feed sources and Nutrition

Colostrum management to provide adequate immunological protection to new born calves has been well investigated, and thresholds for colostrum quality, as well as optimum volume and timing for colostrum feeding have been established. However, less is known about the effect of colostrum from a single dam versus pooled colostrum from several cows on passive immunity, as well as the subsequent antibody survival in the calf.

survival, birthweight, heifer, immunoglobulin, health
Effect of synchronized breeding on genetic evaluations of fertility traits in dairy cattle.
Genetics, Physiology and Reproduction

Oestrus detection has become more difficult over the years due to decreases in the oestrus expression of high-producing dairy cows, and increased herd sizes and animal densities. Through the use of hormonal synchronization protocols, also known as timed artificial insemination protocols, it is possible to alleviate some of the challenges associated with oestrus detection. However, timed artificial insemination masks cows fertility performance, resulting in a possibly biased comparison of treated animals and innately fertile animals.

dairy cattle, hormonal synchronization protocols, genetic evaluations, fertility
Effect of body condition change and health status during early lactation on performance and survival of Holstein cows.
Animal Health and Welfare

Below par post-calving health has a negative effect on the performance and survival of dairy cows and occurrence of uterine, metabolic and other health disorders which are risk factors for lower subsequent fertility and milk yield, and higher risk of culling. The interrelationship between loss in body condition score (BCS) and disease prevalence is however complex and establishing cause and effect associations is challenging. Increased risk of milk fever, ketosis, fatty liver, metritis, digestive disorders and mastitis in cows with greater loss of BCS after calving has been shown.

body condition, culling, fertility, disease
Educational interventions to address misconceptions about antibiotic residues in milk can alter consumer perceptions and may affect purchasing habits.
Dairy Products and Nutraceuticals

Trends in consumer food choices are sometimes spontaneous, not always rational, but nevertheless evoke changes in the food industry. In supermarkets with abundant product choices and information overload on labels, consumers are confused and mostly do not have the background to understand what the information means. Moreover, because of the industrialization of the agri-food industry, consumers lost contact with farm life and are often unfamiliar with the processes behind food production.

consumer, antibiotics, education, organic, dairy product
Dairy farmer, hoof trimmer, and veterinarian perceptions of barriers and roles in lameness management.
Animal Health and Welfare

Lameness is the clinical condition of impaired locomotion and is caused by a range of foot and leg problems, the most common of which are hoof lesions caused by infectious agents or internal and external forces. It is a leading animal welfare concern in the dairy industry and also has substantive economic consequences, as productivity is decreased through reduced reproduction, milk production and increased culling. Various management practices for preventing lameness and treating lame cows have been developed. Despite this, lameness persists as an industry problem.

attitudes, communication, cattle welfare, focus group, stakeholder engagement
Effects of supplementing Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation products to dairy cows from the day of dry-off through early lactation.
Animal Health and Welfare

In last month’s column, I touched on the use of Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation products (SCFP) during the transient phase; the emphasis being on on performance, blood biomarkers, rumen fermentation, and ruminal bacteria population.

Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation products, liver functionality index, postpartum, inflammation
Effects of peripartal yeast culture supplementation on lactation performance, blood biomarkers, rumen fermentation, and rumen bacteria species in dairy cows.
Animal Health and Welfare

The transition period is a critical period for dairy cows, characterized between three weeks before and three weeks after calving. This is a challenging period for dairy cows because of milk genesis, uterine contraction, as well as metabolic and hormonal changes associated with negative energy balance. Yeast products and yeast-containing feed ingredients can be used as a nutritional feed additive to improve health and performance during the transition between pregnancy and early lactation.

transition cow, rumen bacteria, yeast culture
Effect of bovine feeding system (pasture or concentrate) on the oxidative and sensory shelf life of whole milk powder.
Feed sources and Nutrition

Whole milk powder is an important product that is often exported to be reconstituted and used for various purposes. The spray drying to obtain the product enables milk to be easily transported and stored for extended periods of time. However, the spray drying process can also facilitate oxidative changes as the high fat content is exposed to elevated temperatures, resulting in reduced shelf life due to off-flavour development. Moreover, whole milk powder can also be subjected to extreme temperature fluctuations during transport and storage, further affecting oxidative stability.

pasture, whole milk powder, volatile, sensory, total mixed ration
The effects of improved performance in the U.S. dairy cattle industry on environmental impacts between 2007 and 2017.
Environment

The environmental impact of producing animal source foods is a critical topic of policy discussion in domestic and international governments, social media, the popular press, and the consumer marketplace. Livestock’s contribution to the environmental impacts associated with food production are significant concerns for all food chain stakeholders, including livestock producers who play a major role in reducing environmental impacts per unit of food.

carbon footprint, productive efficiency, greenhouse gas, environmental impact, dilution of maintenance, dairy